Hermenegildo Sábat (born June 23, 1933) is a renowned Uruguayan-Argentine caricaturist.
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Hermenegildo Sábat was born in the oceanfront Pocitos section of Montevideo, Uruguay, in 1933. Named after a grandparent who had been a noted local artist in his day, Hermenegildo was known as "Menchi," from early childhood. Montevideo's leading newsdaily, El País, first published a drawing of his - a portrait of Uruguayan national football team forward Juan Schiaffino - when the young artist was but 15 years old.[1]
Sábat's first work experience in journalism began in 1955 as a graphist in Acción, returning to El País, in 1957. His career prospered in El País, and Sábat became an editor at the daily, as well as contributing work as a staff correspondent, photographer and illustrator. His byline was featured in other Uruguayan periodicals in subsequent years, such as Marcha, Lunes and Reporte, and he freelanced as a graphic designer.[1]
He married Blanca Rodríguez, in 1961, and the couple had two children.[2] A dispute with El País' owners, however, led Sábat to emgirate to neighboring Argentina, in 1966. Following a stint at Editorial Abril, a Buenos Aires publishing house, his caricatures were soon included in Primera Plana and Crísis (then the leading Argentine newsmagazines), Clarín, and La Opinión, then an important Argentine daily, for which Sábat became the sole illustrator.[1] La Opinión 's closure by the new dictatorship in 1977 led to Sábat's transfer to Clarín, where he would remain over the years.[3]
Sábat's interest in jazz and tango resulted in his writing numerous books on the genres, including: a biography of tango vocalist Carlos Gardel - Al troesma con cariño (To the Maestro, with Love, 1971); of trumpeter Bix Beiderbecke - Yo Bix, Tú Bix, Él Bix (1972); and Scat: una interpretación gráfica del jazz (1974).
Becoming a naturalized Argentine citizen in 1980, Sábat continued his commission with Clarín while contributing occasionally to other dailies, such as the Buenos Aires Herald. He became a fixture in Clarín with his illustrations of political commentator Eduardo van der Kooy's weekly columns. His prescient caricatures made him increasingly well-known, and his portrayals of Argentines leaders with histories of reprisals against opponents were often daring: some of the most memorable include his portrayal of the aging populist leader Juan Perón as a mummy being unwrapped ahead of his 1973 return to the presidency, or as a weathervane; and members of the repressive dictatorship disguised as grieving mothers of the disappeared.[3]
Nor did his barbed pen rest after Argentina's return to democracy, in 1983. President Raúl Alfonsín's ineffective handling of the foreign debt crisis and military demands earned him Sábat's portrayals as a ballet dancer straining to impress stone-faced generals, or, at best, a tightrope walker struggling to retain balance.[3] Political or military figures known to be especially close to the powerful Catholic Church included a small halo, and CGT labor union leader Saúl Ubaldini (Alfonsín's most vocal opponent) paid for his frequent on-camera theatrics with Sábat's portrayal of his tearful breakdowns and use of the elbow (a typically Italian insult).[4] His dauntless approach to humor helped earn him the prestigious Maria Moors Cabot prize, in 1988 (among his numerous other recognititons).[5]
Alfonsín's successor, Carlos Menem, proved particularly useful as fodder Argentina's many humorists. The flamboyant Menem's prominent sideburns and ongoing push to extend constitutional term limits lent itself easily to Sábat's portrayal of him as a man fused to his presidential chair (which doubled as a burden, of course).[3][4]
His caricatures portrayed political figures, as well as artists and other personalities. The death of well-known Argentine cultural icons were infallibly followed by Sábat's homage in the form of an angel (see Ástor Piazzolla's portrait, above).
A 2008 portrayal of President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner with tape over her mouth published in Clarín during the 2008 agrarian lockout earned Sábat her labeling the portrayal on April 2 as a "quasi-mafioso message."
Sábat continues to contribute his weekly takes on Argentina's political stage, and to oversee "Fundación Artes Visuales," a San Telmo-neighborhood foundation and atelier he opened in 1982 for the purpose of encouraging young illustrators and engravers. Sábat also continues to nourish his love for jazz, playing the clarinet in a New Orleans-style group.[6]